Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus in the city of Rome on 23 September 63 BC, he was adopted by his great-uncle Julius Caesar in 44 BC.
In 59 BC, when he was four years old, his father died. His mother married a former governor of Syria, Lucius Marcius Philippus. Philippus never had much of an interest in young Octavius. Because of this, Octavius was raised by his grandmother (Julius Caesar's sister).
Octavian was an 18-year-old student at Apollonia (now Albania) when news comes in 44 BC that his uncle has been assassinated in Rome. Soon there is further information. In his will Caesar has named Octavian as his successor and has left him three quarters of his estate.
In 43 B.C., Octavian, Marc Antony (one of Julius Caesar’s top lieutenants) and another Roman General, Marcus Lepidus, formed the second Triumvirate firmly establishing their control of the Roman government.
27 years before Jesus Christ was born, the Senate of Rome bestowed upon Octavian the title Augustus. Augustus became the first "Emperor", which comes from the military title imperator.
Augustus was very religious, as celebrated in the famous Altar of Peace in the city of Rome. He restored as many as 80 temples, he attempted to regulate morals, and he even banished his own daughter Julia for her immorality. It was during a time of great peace in the reign of Augustus that Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem.
The rule of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana, or Roman peace. With few setbacks on distant frontiers, Rome and its territories enjoy a steady increase in prosperity and trade. Augustus' reign laid the foundations of a regime that lasted hundreds of years until the ultimate decline of the Roman Empire.
On 19 August AD 14, Augustus died while visiting the place of his father's death at Nola. Augustus' famous last words publicly were, "Behold, I found Rome of clay, and leave her to you of marble."
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